Abstract：We present the Chandra detections of the highest redshift supermassive black holes (SMBH) detected by Chandra (z~10) and their host galaxies using the lensing power of massive “nearby” galaxy clusters. At redshifts of z~10, these X-ray bright SMBHs, with masses exceeding 10 million solar masses, when the Universe was barely 500 million year old, have important implications for the origin of (at least some) massive black holes. The ratio of SMBH mass to the host galaxy stellar mass, roughly 0.2-0.4, far exceeds that found for present day galaxies, roughly 0.002. In addition to discussing these highest redshift X-ray discoveries, we also present present day counterparts to these remarkable high redshift systems whose ratios of black hole to galaxy stellar mass also exceed the usual relation. We briefly describe how such remarkable galaxies with large SMBHs may have evolved to their present state in the local Universe.
Bio：Dr. William Forman has been an astrophysicist at the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory since 1973. He was the founding President of IAU Commission X1: Supermassive Black Holes, Feedback and Galaxy Evolution. He shared the first Bruno Rossi Prize in 1985 with Christine Jones. He served as the Director of the Smithsonian High Energy Astrophysics Division (consisting of over 300 people from 2010-2020).
He has worked extensively in X-ray astronomy, starting with UHURU (lead author for the 4U Catalog), Einstein, ROSAT, and Chandra. For Chandra, he led the Mission Planning team.
His main interests are in X-ray astronomy with a focus on galaxies, clusters, cosmology, and active galaxies. His current interests center on feedback from active galactic nuclei, the interaction of radio plasma with X-ray emitting hot gas, the microphysics of the intracluster medium plasma, and the formation and growth of galaxy clusters. In his research, he uses the Chandra and XMM-Newton Observatories. He has published extensively with 450 refereed papers (over 40,000 citations).